Breast Cancer
Breast cancer occurs when abnormal breast cells grow uncontrollably, forming tumors. It affects women, people AFAB, and, rarely, men and people AMAB. Around 80% of cases are invasive, spreading beyond the breast.
Common Types:
- Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC): Starts in milk ducts and spreads; most common type.
- Lobular carcinoma: Begins in milk-producing glands.
- Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): Confined to milk ducts.
Less Common Types:
- Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): Aggressive and fast-spreading.
- Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC): Rare, rash-like appearance.
- Paget’s disease: Affects the nipple’s skin, resembling a rash.
Subtypes:
- ER+ or PR+: Hormone receptor-positive cancers.
- HER2+: Higher levels of HER2 protein promote growth.
- HR-: Lacks hormone receptors.
Symptoms:
- Changes in breast size, shape, or texture.
- Persistent lumps or thickened areas in the breast or underarm.
- Dimpled, discolored, or inflamed breast skin.
- Nipple discharge or hardened areas under the skin.
Risk Factors:
- Age (55+), sex (higher in women and people AFAB), and family history.
- Genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1, BRCA2).
- Smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and radiation exposure.
- Hormone replacement therapy.
